ABSTRACT
El estudio caracteriza el cyberbullying en estudiantes del gran Santiago de Chile (2010). Se aplicó una encuesta de autorreporte (Cuestionario de Experiencias de Internet) a 1.357 estudiantes entre 7º básico a IVº medio. El diseño de muestra fue no probabilístico por cuotas en 32 establecimientos educacionales, ponderados según género, curso y tipo de dependencia. El 50% fueron hombres, con un promedio de edad 15 años (DS= 1,82 años). Resultados: El 11,4% reportó haber sido víctima de algún tipo de cyberbullyingy el 12,5% victimario. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las víctimas según sexo, curso y tipo de dependencia. Sólo los hombres reportan identificarse en forma más frecuente con los victimarios que las mujeres. Conclusiones: El cyberbullying es un fenómeno existente en la realidad chilena, siendo - mayormente - homogéneo en su presentación. Dado esto, se plantean nuevos desafíos y preguntas respecto a sus consecuencias tanto para los estudiantes como para todo el sistema escolar.
This study characterizes the cyberbullying among students in Santiago, Chile (2010). A self-report questionnaire (Internet Experiences Questionnaire) was completed by 1,357 students from 7th to 12th grade. The sample design was non-probability and based on quota sampling. The data were weighted by gender, grade and type of school dependency. Among the respondents 50% were men, average age 15 years (SD = 1.82 years). The results show that 11.4% reported having been the victim of some form of cyberbullying and 12.5% victimizer. No significant differences were found between the gender, grade or type of school dependency of the victims. In the role of perpetrator, boys reported a higher frequency in compare to girls. We conclude that cyberbullying is a phenomenon that exists in Chilean reality, and it is mostly-homogenous in its presentation. Given this, new challenges and questions regarding the consequences of cyberbullying for students and the educational system are raised.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bullying , Students , Technological DevelopmentABSTRACT
El Bullying, por sus características y consecuencias, se ha transformado en una preocupación central en los colegios, los cuales han desarrollado diferentes formas de afrontarlo. El objetivo principal de este artículo es evaluar la efectividad de un programa de prevención e intervención de Bullying y Ciberbullying, en una muestra de 320 alumnas en un colegio de Santiago de Chile, a través de un diseño pre-post. El programa utilizó estrategias preventivas e integrales orientadas a realizar intervenciones en los distintos niveles del sistema escolar: colegio, sala de clases, individuo y familia. Los resultados demostraron que el programa es efectivo en disminuir el reporte de ser testigos de Bullying y la victimización de manotaje a través de internet. La efectividad del programa se debería a que se respetaron los lineamientos de los programas que han demostrado ser efectivos.
Bullying, by its nature and consequences, has become a central concern in schools, which have developed different ways of facing it. The main objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a prevention and intervention program of bullying and cyberbullying in a sample of 320 students in a school for girls in Santiago de Chile, through a pre-post design. The program used preventive and comprehensive strategies aimed to perform interventions at the different levels in the school system: school, classroom, individual and family. Results showed that the program is effective in diminishing the report of witnessing bullying and victimization from bullying via Internet. The effectiveness of the program could be due to the multi-level targets of the program that taps different aspects, actors and domain of this pervasive problem.
O Bullying, por suas características e conseqüências, tornou-se uma preocupação central nas escolas, e estas desenvolveram diferentes formas de enfrentamento. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia de um programa de prevenção e de intervenção sobre o bullying e cyberbullying em uma amostra de 320 alunas de uma escola em Santiago do Chile. A proposta de avaliação realizou-se através de aplicação de instrumentos antes e depois à implementação do programa. O programa utilizou estratégias preventivas e abrangentes destinadas a realizar intervenções em vários níveis do sistema escolar: escola, sala de aula, indivíduos e familias. Os resultados mostraram que o programa é eficaz na redução de relatos de testemunhar bullying e vitimização através da internet. A eficácia do programa dever-se-ia ao respeito das diretrizes dos programas que têm se mostrado eficazes.